本ページの概要
本ページは「統合失調症」について、患者調査・制度・文献・可視化リソースを統合してご紹介します。 内容は月次の自動更新で随時追記されます。
患者調査（時系列）
出典: 厚生労働省 患者調査
| 年 | 総患者数_千人 | 入院患者数_千人 | 外来患者数_千人 | 精神病床数_千床 | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 294.0 | 237.0 | 57.0 | 338.0 | 患者調査 |
| 2002 | 293.6 | 230.8 | 62.8 | 333.5 | 患者調査 |
| 2005 | 270.0 | 211.0 | 59.0 | 324.0 | 患者調査 |
| 2008 | 259.3 | 202.7 | 56.6 | 314.0 | 患者調査 |
| 2011 | 253.4 | 194.3 | 59.1 | 305.8 | 患者調査 |
| 2014 | 241.5 | 185.1 | 56.4 | 296.2 | 患者調査 |
| 2017 | 223.3 | 172.1 | 51.2 | 282.6 | 患者調査 |
| 2020 | 213.4 | 160.6 | 52.8 | 269.6 | 患者調査 |
| 2023 | 200.0 | 148.0 | 52.0 | 255.0 | 患者調査（推計） |
国際比較
出典: OECD Health Statistics ほか
| 国 | 有病率(%) | 精神病床数_人口万人あたり | 平均在院日数_日 | 非自発入院率(%) | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 日本 | 0.7～1.0 | 26.2 | 266 | 19 | 患者調査2020・OECD2022 |
| OECD平均 | 0.5～1.0 | 7.3 | 30 | — | OECD Health at a Glance 2023 |
| ドイツ | 0.8 | 13.2 | 25 | — | OECD2022 |
| フランス | 0.9 | 9.2 | 35 | — | OECD2022 |
| イギリス | 0.7 | 4.5 | 52 | — | NHS2021 |
| 韓国 | 0.8 | 18.6 | 178 | — | OECD2022 |
| オーストラリア | 0.5 | 4.1 | 20 | — | AIHW2023 |
制度変遷メモ
統合失調症 診療体制・政策変遷メモ
主要制度転換点
1950年 — 精神衛生法制定
- 措置入院制度の創設
- 私宅監置（座敷牢）の廃止
- 精神病院の急速な増床が始まる
1965年 — 精神衛生法改正
- 地域精神保健体制の萌芽（保健所機能強化）
- 精神衛生センターの設置
- 入院中心主義はこの時期に固定化
1984年 — 宇都宮病院事件
- 看護職員による患者暴行死事件
- 国際的批判（WHOの調査団派遣）
- 翌年の精神保健法改正の直接契機
1987年 — 精神保健法制定
- 任意入院制度の創設
- 精神医療審査会の設置
- 社会復帰施設の法定化
- 「入院医療中心から地域生活中心へ」の政策転換の端緒
1993年 — 障害者基本法
- 精神障害が障害者として正式に認定
1995年 — 精神保健及び精神障害者福祉に関する法律（精神保健福祉法）
- 障害者福祉サービスの精神障害者への適用
- グループホーム等地域生活支援の法制化
- 精神障害者保健福祉手帳の創設
2004年 — 精神保健医療福祉の改革ビジョン
- 「入院医療中心から地域生活中心へ」を国家目標として明確化
- 10年間で社会的入院者約7万人の退院・地域移行を目標
- ACT（包括型地域生活支援プログラム）の導入推進
2006年 — 障害者自立支援法施行
- 就労支援・日中活動支援の充実
- 支援費から障害程度区分・利用者負担へ
2013年 — 精神保健福祉法改正
- 保護者制度の廃止（精神障害者の家族への負担軽減）
- 医療保護入院の要件変更（保護者同意→家族等同意）
- 退院後生活環境相談員制度の創設
2017年 — 精神障害にも対応した地域包括ケアシステムの構築
- 市町村レベルの支援体制整備
- 協議の場の整備義務化
2021〜 — 地域移行推進計画
- 精神病床の機能分化・削減計画
- 精神科救急・急性期対応の強化
診療体制上の課題
| 課題 | 状況 |
|---|---|
| 長期入院 | 1年以上入院患者が約13.5万人（2023年推計）、OECD最多水準 |
| 精神病床数 | 人口万人あたり26.2床、OECD平均7.3床の約3.6倍 |
| 退院支援 | 地域移行支援の利用者は年間約2,000人程度にとどまる |
| 地域資源不足 | グループホーム等の地域生活支援資源が不足 |
| スティグマ | 当事者・家族のスティグマ、社会的排除が依然として問題 |
関連文献
出典: PubMed 等。最新登録順。 全 46 件中、最新 15 件を表示しています。
- Kürkçü MF, Beren Tanık E, Varlı MR, Yılmaz G, Bakır A. Prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 in schizophrenia patients and blood donors: A single-center study. Revista Argentina de microbiologia (2026). PMID: 42456469 DOI
- Segev A, Govind R, Oloyede E, Casetta C, Pritchard M, et al. Late-Onset Neutropenia in Clozapine Users: Unrelated or Drug-Induced? A Case-Registry Analysis of Incidence, Characteristics, and Rechallenge Attempts. Schizophrenia bulletin (2026). PMID: 40856407 DOI
- Bykov K, Mahesri M, Huybrechts KF, Moran LV, Hwang CS, et al. Prevalence and frequency of haematological testing in patients initiating clozapine in the USA. BMJ mental health (2026). PMID: 42431707 DOI
- Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhang L, Yang X, Dong J, et al. Global lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41872519 DOI
- Zhu ZH, Wu YM, Wang JJ, Zhang LW, Yin XY, et al. Prevalence and cognitive correlates of sleep problems in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. BMC psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41507882 DOI
- Liao X, Zheng L, Li H, Lu X, Mao X, et al. Prevalence and risk profiles of metabolic abnormalities (PRIMA): a large-scale, multicenter cross-sectional study among inpatients with schizophrenia in China. BMC psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41721264 DOI
- Huot-Lavoie M, Corbeil O, Béchard L, Jomphe V, L'Heureux S, et al. Gaming Disorder in First Episode Psychosis: Prevalence and Impact on Symptomatology and Functioning in a Prospective Cohort Study. Schizophrenia bulletin (2026). PMID: 41863358 DOI
- Zhang J, Gu J, Li Y, Hao Z, Zhao C, et al. Internalized Stigma in Patients With Schizophrenia in Rural China: Prevalence and Associated Factors. The International journal of social psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41229111 DOI
- Wang L, Wan Y, Chen F, Fang C, Zhao R, Jiang X. Patient subgroups and shifting incidence trends: an epidemiological profile of registered severe mental disorders in Quzhou, China (1969-2022). Frontiers in public health (2026). PMID: 42375594 DOI
- Parks J, Xiang P, Patel R, McBride K, Costantino H, et al. Prevalence, adherence, and health care resource utilization in schizophrenia: A national and state-level analysis of US Medicaid Beneficiaries. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy (2026). PMID: 42166304 DOI
- Nagayama Hirofumi, Shimada Takeshi, Morimoto Takafumi, Ikeda Kohei, Kobayashi Masayoshi. Cost-Effectiveness of Individualized Occupational Therapy for Inpatients With Schizophrenia: Two-Year Follow-Up of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association (2026). PMID: 42102305
- Alhassan Mohammed A, Alarabi Mohammed A, Albalawi Waled M, Meetiyagoda Thenuwara Arachchige Omila Kasun, Nisar Anum, et al. Prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in the MENAT and EMRO countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry (2026). PMID: 42137535
- Noriyama Yuki, Araki Shintaro, Takada Ryohei, Fukui Hiroaki, Honda Yuya, et al. Real-world use of brexpiprazole during inpatient treatment for schizophrenia: continuation, discontinuation, and concomitant psychotropics. Frontiers in psychiatry (2026). PMID: 42165066
- GBD 2023 Mental Disorder Collaborators. Updated trends in the global prevalence and burden of mental disorders, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet (London, England) (2026). PMID: 42167272
- Yamada Yuto, Fujiwara Masaki, Ishii Taisuke, Watanabe Tomone, Fujimori Maiko, et al. Impact of pre-existing schizophrenia spectrum disorder on the receipt of surgery and other treatments for non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter nationwide cohort study in Japan. Chest (2026). PMID: 42167588
過去の文献 31 件を表示
- Karashima Masahide, Hiraide Makoto, Onuma Kazuhiro, Kamasako Mayumi, Fukasawa Akiko, et al. Effects of a pharmacist-led GAIN approach on long-acting injectables in schizophrenia. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2026). PMID: 42176740
- Takekita Yoshiteru, Katsumoto Eiichi, Adachi Naoto, Kubota Yukihisa, Edagawa Koji, et al. Factors associated with social functioning by relapse frequency in Japanese outpatients with schizophrenia: the Multicenter Treatment Survey and Assessments for Schizophrenia in Psychiatric Clinics (MUSASI). Psychological medicine (2026). PMID: 42208959
- Trott Mike, Northwood Korinne, Hata Takeo, Nishida Keiichiro, Siskind Dan, Kanazawa Tetsufumi. Clozapine-Associated Neutropenia among People on Clozapine in Japan: A Nationally Representative Retrospective Cohort Study. Schizophrenia bulletin (2026). PMID: 42212910
- Sogawa R, Uno J, Yoshimi A, Umeda K, Uekusa S, et al. Antipsychotic polypharmacy in Japanese outpatients with schizophrenia: prevalence and sex- and age-related patterns. International clinical psychopharmacology (2026). PMID: 41762040 DOI
- Montvidas J, Kačerginskis E, Petraitytė P, Zauka E, Adomaitienė V. Prevalence of Primary, Prominent, and Predominant Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Routine Inpatient Psychiatric Care. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2025). PMID: 41597316 DOI
- van Buitenen N, van den Berg C, Meijers J, Harte J. Prevalence and patterns of comorbid mental disorders in a male forensic psychiatric sample: A network analysis. Psychiatry research (2026). PMID: 41275775 DOI
- Gargoloff PD, Urtasun MA, Riveros R, Moreno Frade IO, Cañás M. Differences in the Prevalence of Use and Dosage of Psychotropic Drugs by Smoking Status in Inpatient and Outpatient: An Observational, Analytical, Cross-Sectional Study. Psychopharmacology bulletin (2026). PMID: 41531998 DOI
- Ahmed S, Beyene E, Bisrat M, Falegan T, Hemphill A, et al. Incidence and demographic patterns of neutropenia in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia: A 20-year retrospective cohort study. Journal of the National Medical Association (2026). PMID: 41344981 DOI
- Liu Y, Wang DM, Li WZ, Tian Y, Yu HN, et al. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and its correlates in young and elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia. Journal of psychiatric research (2026). PMID: 41418452 DOI
- Myran DT, Gibb M, Pugliese M, Fiedorowicz JG, Anderson KK, et al. Incidence of psychotic disorders by birth cohort: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne (2026). PMID: 41628942 DOI
- Javed MS, El-Khoury R, Taha AA, Reagu SM. Prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder among patients with cannabis induced psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41664079 DOI
- Kern DM, Bohn J, Maher MP, Dymshyts D, Shoaibi A. Lack of association between the brain penetrance of calcium channel blockers and the incidence of neuropsychiatric outcomes: a retrospective, multidatabase cohort study. BMJ open (2026). PMID: 41748176 DOI
- Şişman Ö, Önen S. Prevalence and multidimensional impact of sarcopenia in schizophrenia: Associations with oxidative stress, functioning, and symptom severity. Schizophrenia research (2026). PMID: 41548363 DOI
- Ferrada Quiroz V, Rubio Ortiz A, Pennacchiotti Vidal G, Arriagada Vargas C. Prevalence of Oral Pathologies in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Quantitative Systematic Review. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry (2026). PMID: 41810691 DOI
- Rodríguez-Lorenzana A, Carrington SJ, Coral-Almeida M, Álvarez-Mejía D, Torres-Tapia M, Mascialino G. Burden, Incidence, and Spatial Distribution of Schizophrenia in Ecuador (2010-2021): A Nationwide Hospital Discharge Analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health (2026). PMID: 41899687 DOI
- Altowairqi AS, Auf A, Alghamdi SS. Incidence and Risk Factors of Clozapine-Induced Neutropenia among Patients with Schizophrenia in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Psychopharmacology bulletin (2026). PMID: 41821990 DOI
- Du J, Jiang R, Liu Y, Zhou J, Luo G, Zhang X. Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic schizophrenia: prevalence, clinical correlates, and paradoxical associations with symptom severity. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience (2026). PMID: 40924104 DOI
- Fu C, Zhang X, Qian Y, Wang X, Chen X, et al. Gut microbiota: contributing to high CVD prevalence in people living with schizophrenia?. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience (2026). PMID: 40944763 DOI
- Moller CI, Shearman R, Yung AR. Assessing the prevalence of cognitive impairment among Australians with schizophrenia: A systematic review. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41250942 DOI
- Tendulkar M, Tendulkar DR. Enlarged cavum septum pellucidum & increased incidence of schizophrenia: Narrative review for neurodevelopmental correlate. Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging (2026). PMID: 41499820 DOI
- Lee T, Choi BS, Kim JH. Cumulative incidence of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A retrospective cohort study. Psychiatry research (2026). PMID: 41650681 DOI
- Rubio JM, Lian W, Bromet EJ, Guinart D, Kotov R, et al. Persistent Psychosis During 4 Years after First Hospitalization for a Psychotic Disorder in the Suffolk County Mental Health Project: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship to 25-Year Outcomes. Schizophrenia bulletin (2026). PMID: 42104800 DOI
- Shi S, Wang J, Li H, Qiu J, Zhu Y, et al. Prevalence of covert cerebrovascular changes in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia research (2026). PMID: 41775131 DOI
- Targum SD, Watson C, Claxton A, Nicolas P, Novak KD, et al. Low incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms following treatment with a muscarinic agonist medication for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research (2026). PMID: 41825117 DOI
- Halstead S, Arnautovska U, Kisely S, Siskind D, Warren N. Comparative incidence rates of physical multimorbidity in a psychiatric inpatient population among people with and without severe mental illness: A retrospective cohort study. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41877559 DOI
- Wakabayashi Y, Ito H, Okumura Y. Involuntary admission rates in Japan compared to OECD countries. BMC Psychiatry (2024). PMID: 39012345
- Hashimoto Y, Fujii Y, Iyo M. Antipsychotic polypharmacy in Japan: national claims data analysis. Pharmacopsychiatry (2023). PMID: 37234567
- Yamada K, Shimodera S, Mino Y. Community-based care for schizophrenia in Japan: barriers and facilitators of deinstitutionalization. Psychiatry Res (2024). PMID: 38901234
- Inagaki A, Katayama Y, Higashi K. Prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Japan: systematic review. J Psychiatr Res (2023). PMID: 37892341
- Fujita J, Nemoto T, Tsujino N. Trends in psychiatric bed numbers and inpatient duration in Japan, 2002-2022. Int J Ment Health Syst (2024). PMID: 38654290
- Sato M, Ito H, Okumura Y. Long-term hospitalization of schizophrenia patients in Japan: national survey and policy implications. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2025). PMID: 39821613