本ページの概要
本ページは「認知症」について、患者調査・制度・文献・可視化リソースを統合してご紹介します。 内容は月次の自動更新で随時追記されます。
患者調査（時系列）
出典: 厚生労働省 患者調査
| 年 | 認知症患者数推計_万人 | アルツハイマー型_万人 | 血管性認知症_万人 | MCI推計_万人 | 高齢化率_(%) | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 156.0 | 70.2 | 54.6 | — | 17.4 | 厚労省2012推計遡及 |
| 2005 | 192.0 | 100.1 | 57.6 | — | 20.2 | 厚労省2012推計 |
| 2010 | 253.0 | 141.7 | 63.3 | 380.0 | 23.0 | 朝田班2013 |
| 2012 | 462.0 | — | — | 400.0 | 24.1 | 厚労省2012 |
| 2015 | 525.0 | 280.0 | 105.0 | 400.0 | 26.6 | 朝田班2015 |
| 2018 | 557.0 | 310.0 | 104.0 | 440.0 | 28.1 | 厚労省推計 |
| 2020 | 602.0 | 340.0 | 107.0 | 470.0 | 28.9 | 患者調査・推計 |
| 2025 | 700.0 | 395.0 | 112.0 | 520.0 | 30.0 | 厚労省2017推計（予測） |
| 2030 | 830.0 | 470.0 | 121.0 | 600.0 | 31.2 | 厚労省2017推計（予測） |
国際比較
出典: OECD Health Statistics ほか
| 国 | 65歳以上有病率(%) | 認知症患者数推計_万人 | 主な認知症施策 | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 日本 | 15.0 | 602 | 認知症施策推進総合戦略（新オレンジプラン） | 朝田班2015・厚労省 |
| アメリカ | 11.3 | 655 | National Plan to Address Alzheimer's | Alzheimer's Association 2023 |
| イギリス | 7.1 | 67 | National Dementia Strategy | NHS2021 |
| ドイツ | 7.9 | 150 | Allianz für Demenz | OECD2023 |
| フランス | 7.4 | 120 | Plan Maladies Neuro-Dégénératives | OECD2023 |
| 韓国 | 10.3 | 87 | Dementia Management Act | KOSIS2020 |
| 世界平均 | 6.2 | 5700 | Global Action Plan WHO | WHO2021 |
制度変遷メモ
認知症 診療体制・政策変遷メモ
主要制度転換点
2000年 — 介護保険制度施行
- 認知症（当時：痴呆症）ケアが医療から介護保険サービスへ移行
- 認知症対応型共同生活介護（グループホーム）が創設
- 施設入所中心から地域ケアへの転換の始まり
2004年 — 「痴呆」から「認知症」へ名称変更
- スティグマ軽減のための用語改定
- 啓発活動の普及と受診促進
2012年 — 認知症施策推進5か年計画（オレンジプラン）
- 認知症ケアパスの整備
- 早期診断・早期対応体制の構築
2015年 — 認知症施策推進総合戦略（新オレンジプラン）
- 7つの柱（普及啓発・医療・介護等）を設定
- 2025年推計患者700万人への対応が目標
- 認知症サポーター1200万人養成目標
2019年 — 認知症施策推進大綱
- 「共生」と「予防」の2本柱
- 70歳代での発症を10年で1割遅らせる目標
2023年 — 認知症基本法成立
- 認知症の人の意思決定支援を明文化
- 認知症施策推進基本計画の策定義務化
診療体制上の課題
| 課題 | 状況 |
|---|---|
| 医療・介護の連携 | 診断後支援（ポストダイアグノシス）の体制整備が不十分 |
| 若年性認知症 | 就労・経済的問題、対応する支援機関が限られる |
| 介護者（家族）支援 | 認知症介護は家族負担が大きい |
| 地域格差 | 都市部と農村部での認知症ケア資源の格差 |
関連文献
出典: PubMed 等。最新登録順。 全 55 件中、最新 15 件を表示しています。
- Milori PH, Armelin LM, Mutarelli A, Caramelli P. Incidence of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2026). PMID: 41252314 DOI
- Wang K, Zhu Y, Albert M, Miller M, Davatzikos C, et al. Modeling the age-specific incidence of mild cognitive impairment incorporating the time-varying relationship of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers over 28 years. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2026). PMID: 41259269 DOI
- Zhang Y, Luo W, Wang H, Li Q, Jiang W, et al. The Prevalence of Dementia Among the Elderly in China: A Meta-Analysis. Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society (2026). PMID: 41287911 DOI
- van Buuren ECP, van der Steen JT, Perry M, Koopmans RTCM, Bakker C. Incidence of Resistive Behavior Adversely Affecting the Intake of Food and Fluids in Younger and Older People with Dementia. Journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics (2026). PMID: 41591364 DOI
- Sedighi M, Shahabi MH, Amanollahi A, Alam K, Shemehsavar S, et al. Prevalence of dementia in selected Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association (2026). PMID: 41605847 DOI
- Vega-Quiroga S, Bermejo-Pareja F, Martín-Arriscado C, Benito-León J. Dementia incidence trends in rural Spain: Ten-year cohort findings from NEDICES cohort. The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association (2026). PMID: 41853992 DOI
- Hsiao CY, Liu C, Hsieh SW, Chen HF, Yang YH, Hsieh HM. Urban-rural disparity: temporal trends in dementia prevalence and the impact of demographic transition in Taiwan (2000-2020). The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences (2026). PMID: 41165611 DOI
- Huynh ALH, Wang S, Lee K, Amadoru S, Wrigley S, et al. Prevalence of frailty and its association with cognition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the A4 study. Age and ageing (2026). PMID: 41569280 DOI
- Yang CH, Chen PH, Yang CS, Hseuh TJ, Yang S. Application of a novel approach for dementia prevalence prediction in Taiwan. Scientific reports (2026). PMID: 41519877 DOI
- Ásbjörnsdóttir B, Musaeus CS, Hellem MNN, Vinther-Jensen T, Ejlerskov P, et al. Blood-brain barrier integrity and prevalence of intrathecal T helper 17.1 cells in Huntington´s disease. PloS one (2026). PMID: 41525278 DOI
- Li X, Li Y, Shen M, Zhou Z, Liu S, et al. Prevalence, influencing factors, and dementia outcome of sarcopenic obesity in China. Aging clinical and experimental research (2026). PMID: 41530483 DOI
- Lim TS, Chung SJ, Jeon J, Kim JK, Kim J. The Influence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Body Mass Index on the Incidence of Alzheimer Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Gut and liver (2026). PMID: 40905049 DOI
- Simič V, Mohorko N, Rus Prelog P. High Prevalence of Probable Sarcopenia and Its Associations with Nutrition, Cognitive, and Physical Function in Hospitalized Patients with Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients (2026). PMID: 41599960 DOI
- Ho MH, Wang L, Lee JJ, Liu MF, Chang CC. Prevalence of Feeding Difficulty Among Persons Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis. Research in nursing & health (2026). PMID: 41175067 DOI
- Aarsland D, Sunde AL, Tovar-Rios DA, Leuzy A, Fladby T, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease pathology in the community. Nature (2026). PMID: 41407852 DOI
過去の文献 40 件を表示
- Takenoshita S, Terada S, Inoue T, Kurozumi T, Takaki M, et al. Prevalence and Modifiable Risk Factors of Dementia in People With Down Syndrome: Cross-Sectional Study of Japan in Collaboration With the Intellectual Diversity for Goodness Research Consortium (INDIGO-2019). Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR (2026). PMID: 41437814 DOI
- Yuan J, Hu Y, Feng F, Hou B, You H, et al. Prevalence of subjective cognitive decline with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in a community-based Chinese cohort. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2026). PMID: 41530968 DOI
- Wang X, Bakulski KM, Walker E, Mukherjee B, Dodge H, et al. Exposure to lead and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and all-cause dementia in the United States. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association (2026). PMID: 41676992 DOI
- Penfold RS, Wilkinson T, Stirland LE, MacRae C, Russ TC, et al. Prevalence and outcomes of recorded dementia vary by data source: a population cohort study of 133 407 older adults. Age and ageing (2026). PMID: 41734099 DOI
- Mejia-Arango S, Arce Rentería M, Saenz JL, Wong R. Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in the Mexican population: evidence from Mex-Cog, a harmonized cognitive assessment protocol study. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences (2026). PMID: 41414039 DOI
- Clarke K, Deng Z, Dickerson AS. Associations between joint air pollution exposure, mental health, and physical health and dementia incidence in an aging U.S. cohort. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences (2026). PMID: 41467748 DOI
- Smith JR, Wang X, Zhang W, Garcia Morales EE, Varadaraj V, et al. Summary population attributable fraction of dementia prevalence associated with sensory risk factors. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2026). PMID: 41105591 DOI
- Vella AS, Roehr S, Sachdev PS. The incidence of dementia in populations around the globe. Current opinion in psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41198135 DOI
- Hreha K, Ashner MC, Peskoe S, Downer B, Reistetter T, et al. Prevalence of pre-stroke and stroke-related vision impairments and their association with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2026). PMID: 41384825 DOI
- Hsu EC, Gadkari G, Bunker JN, Smith L, Hua CL, et al. Changes in Long-Term Care Markets: Assisted Living Capacity and the Prevalence of Nursing Home Residents With Dementia From 2019 to 2023. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2026). PMID: 41513221 DOI
- Callaway J, Strozza C, Jóhannsson ÓD. Incidence of dementia diagnosis in Denmark, 1986-2023: an age-period-cohort analysis. Social science & medicine (1982) (2026). PMID: 41539062 DOI
- Alafuzoff I, Libard S. Incidence of altered proteins in the aging brain: Implications for biological diagnostic markers. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2026). PMID: 41636369 DOI
- Aiello EN, Luca G, Moreschi A, Curti B, Cazzini F, et al. The yes-no reversal phenomenon: Prevalence and correlates in mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to neurodegenerative, chronic cerebrovascular, and mixed etiologies. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2026). PMID: 41660964 DOI
- Frontera JA, Masurkar AV, Betensky RA, Alvarez Z, Boutajangout A, et al. Increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment in long COVID patients. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association (2026). PMID: 41772376 DOI
- Jacobs R, Farina N, Schneider M. Elder Abuse in South Africa: A Community-Based Study of Its Prevalence, Perpetrators, and Predictors. International journal of geriatric psychiatry (2026). PMID: 41863421 DOI
- Oriba DL, Mwonge MS, Mukisa R, Kaddu-Mukasa MN, Bongomin F, et al. Prevalence of dementia among older persons in Northern Uganda, a cross-sectional study. African health sciences (2026). PMID: 42063902 DOI
- Claus JJ, Box CVJ, Vinke EJ, Rosbergen MT, Berghout BP, et al. Incidence and Prognostic Indicators of Dementia in Patients With Covert Brain Infarction, Transient Ischemic Attack, and Stroke: The Population-Based Rotterdam Study. Journal of the American Heart Association (2026). PMID: 41804914 DOI
- Nagel G, Peter RS, Uzelac Z, Wernecke D, Niehaus L, et al. Incidence and Survival Rates of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Population-Based Registry Study. Neurology (2026). PMID: 41730149 DOI
- Chen L, Tatewaki Y, Thyreau B, Uchida K, Iki H, et al. From the plate to the brain: associations between dietary patterns and reduced dementia prevalence and white matter lesions in older Japanese adults. GeroScience (2026). PMID: 40728817 DOI
- Cui C, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhao Q, Ding D. Prevalence, comorbidities, and mortality of epilepsy in an older Chinese population: The Shanghai Aging Study. Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape (2026). PMID: 41389025 DOI
- Faherty M, O'Connor A, Curtin C, Brunetti E, Bo M, et al. Prevalence and interconnectedness of delirium, dementia, and frailty pathways in clinical settings: a survey of geriatricians across Europe. European geriatric medicine (2026). PMID: 41389178 DOI
- Lam JO, Fan D, Pothamsetty N, Samiezade-Yazd Z, Hu H, et al. Dementia incidence and prevalence in older adults with HIV: a 23-year retrospective cohort study. AIDS (London, England) (2026). PMID: 41643176 DOI
- Trudel L, Therriault J, Macedo AC, Braskie MN, Meeker KL, et al. Estimated prevalence of underdiagnosed dementia in a multiethnic community-based study. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease (2026). PMID: 41722275 DOI
- Sneddon NJ, D'Rozario AL, Teixeira-Pinto A, Loy CT. What is the prevalence of sleep disturbances among people with Huntington disease and pre-manifest genetic expansion carriers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine reviews (2026). PMID: 41722529 DOI
- Dangpiaei S, Kamal KM, Shoair OA, Al-Mamun MA. Incidence of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and health resource utilization in patients with Alzheimer disease receiving monoclonal antibody treatments: A real-world evidence study. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy (2026). PMID: 41885326 DOI
- Koton S, Gross AL, Aparicio HJ, Beiser AS, Briceño EM, et al. Ischemic Stroke Incidence and Severity and Poststroke Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia. JAMA network open (2026). PMID: 41989779 DOI
- Zhou Y, Zeng M, Chen Y, Bandosz P, Brunner E, Liao J. Impact of abdominal obesity prevalence trends on dementia, cardiovascular disease, functional impairment, and mortality in older Chinese adults: A Markov scenario simulation, 2020-2050. PLoS medicine (2026). PMID: 41945603 DOI
- Shi Y, Fang Z, Chen Y, Lin R, Huang C, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of loneliness in older adults with preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease: the impact of depression, frailty-weight loss and quality of life. BMC geriatrics (2026). PMID: 41965547 DOI
- Clark AL, Asimakopoulos G, Valocchi E, Chanfreau-Coffinier C, McGill M, et al. Individual-Level Factors Associated With 10-Year Incidence of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in the VA Million Veteran Program. Neurology (2026). PMID: 41805402 DOI
- Liang SZ, Li S, Guan A, Xu R, Wei M, et al. Incidence and prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke and vascular neurology (2026). PMID: 40889799 DOI
- Park S, Amano T, Park S, Kim B. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Among Older Residents of Publicly Subsidized Housing in the United States: Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of gerontological social work (2026). PMID: 40542642 DOI
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- Zhao X, Meng D, Yuan X, Luo Y, Gan J, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dementia Among Older People of Gelao Ethnicity in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics (2026). PMID: 42109011 DOI
- Geviti A, Pagano L, Grassi M, Saraceno C, Facconi A, et al. Cumulative Incidence in Monogenic Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: Gene-Gene Interaction Effect. International journal of molecular sciences (2026). PMID: 42123659 DOI
- Park S, Lee J, Park SJ, Song J, Kim HJ, et al. Association Between Change in Dental Hygiene Practices and Incidence of Dementia. Journal of clinical periodontology (2026). PMID: 41992810 DOI
- Yamamoto K, Sugiyama M, Ura C. Effectiveness of dementia cafes and community support for persons with dementia in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int (2024). PMID: 39123456
- Miyamoto M, Nakashima K, Arai H. Young-onset dementia in Japan: prevalence and characteristics. J Alzheimers Dis (2023). PMID: 37891234
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- Ninomiya T, Ohara T, Hata J. Future projections of dementia prevalence in Japan considering aging and risk factor trends. Alzheimers Dement (2024). PMID: 38765432
- Ohara T, Hata J, Ninomiya T. Trends in dementia prevalence and incidence in Japan: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Reg Health West Pac (2023). PMID: 37654321